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Course contents

Situation Awareness (New, July 2009) 
In this module the concept of Situation Awareness is addressed and defined. The trainees will be able to recognize the importance of Situation Awareness to decision-making, state the three levels of Situation Awareness and list factors affecting Situation Awareness.

Attitudes and Management Skills
The human nature and its weaknesses are discussed. The trainees learn to be aware of "hazardous thoughts", that can induce accidents, and the opposite, "safe thoughts". The concept of Common Terminology is introduced. 

Cultural Awareness
Cultural differences and how to deal with them. The following characteristics are used to describe cultural differences: Group-Individual, Power Distance, Uncertainty Avoidance, Feminine-Masculine, and Short-Long Term. 

Communication and Briefings
This module deals with common errors in communication, the importance of "closed loop communication" and how you achieve a good communication climate. Briefings and debriefings are mandatory in aviation and should be applied also on ships. Practical guidelines are given on how to perform briefings and debriefings. 

Challenge and Response
The importance of a Challenge and Response environment is emphasised, defined as a "supportive environment", in which everybody feels free to question assumptions and actions, and in which positive responses are the norm. 

Short Term Strategy
Short Term Strategy is a practical method for dealing with any type of task, but especially useful in abnormal or emergency situations when use of all available resources is necessary. 

Authority and Assertiveness
In this module, behaviour in terms of authority and assertiveness is discussed. Reasons for and the dangers of extreme combinations of authority and assertiveness are analysed. 

Management Styles
Different leadership styles are discussed and how to deal with them. The performance/human relation management grid is used. 

Workload
The dangers of too low and too high workload are discussed and systematic ways to avoid them. Methods like task analysis, delegation and rotation of tasks are addressed. 

State of the Ship
The state of the ship is generated by the combination of the team members' personal states of mind. The underlying reasons for different states of mind are discussed, as well as the importance to detect and take action on state extremes and differences between the crew members. 

Human Involvement in Error
Here, underlying causes of accidents in terms of externally and internally induced errors are discussed, and the importance of responding to and learning from errors. 

Judgment and Decision Making
Factors affecting judgment and decision making and the process of decision making are addressed. The importance of detecting and avoiding hidden pressure is emphasised. 

Leadership in Emergencies
Transferring an emergency situation from the unanticipated, fast reaction type towards the anticipated, slow reaction type is discussed, and the necessity to apply different leadership styles in different emergency situations Attitudes & Management Skills. 

Crisis and Crowd Management
Together with the above modules, this module meets the STCW requirement for theoretical training in C&C management. It covers mental and physical reactions in a crisis situation, how to deal with them, how to deal with a crowd and finally a method for personal crisis debriefing. 

Automation Awareness
This module addresses the consequences of increased automation on ships' bridges. It discusses different levels of automation, characteristics, advantages and dangers with automation and some guidelines for learning to work in automated environments.



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