“It was winter and the vessel was drifting outside Newfoundland waiting for an ice advisor to board and then proceed to Montreal. After a couple of hours the weather deteriorated. To stay clear of the heavy weather it was decided to sail to more sheltered waters and pick up the ice advisor.

For navigation the master used 20 black and white photocopies from the British Admiralty for the area.

In preparation for entering ice-covered waters, the chief engineer prepared an ice checklist, gave night orders to the crew, checked all of the valves for the cooling system and opened the steam valve to the low sea chest.”

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Monthly Safety Scenario.

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