• ‘Clausing’ a bill of lading is the act of inserting written remarks about the apparent order and condition of the cargo
  on loading.
• If the cargo is only subsequently damaged on the ship, the bills of lading will need to be issued ‘clean’.
• If there are apparent defects on the cargo on loading, the bills of lading must be claused.
• The Master is not expected to be an expert, just observant: if it looks like bulk sugar but smells like salt, the Master is on
  notice.